Advances in Artemisinin-based Therapies: Innovations in Synthesis, Drug Delivery, and Expanding Therapeutic Applications

Artemisinin, a natural compound derived from Artemisia annua, has significantly impacted the treatment of malaria and has shown promise in various other therapeutic applications. This review explores the molecular structure of artemisinin and its derivatives, as well as advancements in synthetic and semi-synthetic production methods, and their broader therapeutic effects beyond malaria, including potential uses in cancer, neurological disorders, and viral infections. It also discusses contemporary drug delivery innovations, such as nanoparticles and liposomal systems, which aim to enhance the bioavailability and targeted action of artemisinin, while addressing issues of drug resistance, particularly in parasitic diseases like malaria. The future of artemisinin research is expected to focus on the development of novel derivatives and innovative formulations that leverage nanomedicine, with significant implications for global health and improved therapeutic efficacy.