Negotiating Malay language Amid English influence in Ali Baba Bujang Lapok (1960)

This study explores portrayals of Malay nationalism in P. Ramlee’s film adaptation of The Thousand and One Nights, specifically in Ali Baba Bujang Lapok (1960), through the lens of Shamsul A.B.’s nation-of-intent framework. Focusing on the element of bahasa (language), the study analyses how the film reflects the socio-political context of Malaya’s early postcolonial nationhood, where the Malay language was navigating its growth amidst the continued influence of English. Incorporating Kress and Van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar and Bordwell and Thompson’s film theory, the analysis examines visual and narrative elements that contribute to the portrayal of Malayness in the film. The findings reveal the significant presence of English, mirroring the compromises made by the Alliance coalition during the decolonisation process. While Malay was designated the national language, English continued to dominate in administration, law, and education, reflecting the challenges of transitioning from colonial structures. Ultimately, the study situates Ali Baba Bujang Lapok (1960) as a reflection of both authority-defined ideologies and everyday realities, highlighting the complexities of forging a national identity in a multilingual society.