Comparative Effectiveness of Video Laryngoscope and Conventional Laryngoscope for Endotracheal Intubation

Background : Endotracheal intubation is a vital procedure with risk of failure using conventional laryngoscope (CL), especially in difficult anatomy. Video laryngoscope (VL) offers indirect visualization, but its effectiveness remains controversial. Objective : To analyze the effectiveness of VL (including McGrath Mac) versus CL in adult patient, including first-pass succes, intubation time, complications, operator influence and human factors. Methods : Literature search in Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, identifying RCTs (2020-2025) in adults patients. Analysis with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) selected three high-quality studies (score>75%). Result : VL significantly improved first-pass succes rate: 94% vs. 82% (p<0.001;elective), 85.1% vs. 70.8% (p<0.001; critical), and non-inferiority (COVALENT-T). Cormack-Lehane score ≥ 3 decreased (0.7% vs. 8%; p<0.001). Severe complications were not significantly different (p≥0.82). COVALEN-T integrates human factors (task load, teamwork). Conclusion : VL improves first intubation succes, airway visualization and time efficiency, especially for novice operators, without the risk of additional complications. Findings recommendations need to take into account blade type, operator experience and patient context.