ANALYSE DE LA VARIABILITE DES SOLS DES FERMES AGROECOLOGIQUES DANS LES QUATRE REGIONS NATURELLES DE LA REPUBLIQUE DE GUINEE

Agriculture in the Republic of Guinea plays a central role in the national economy, but it faces major challenges related to soil management and climate variability. Soil variability in the different natural regions of the country remains a major concern. This study aims to analyze the variability of soil physicochemical properties in agroecological farms located in the four natural regions of Guinea. The study is based on a representative sample comprising 135 soil samples collected from different categories of farms. The analyses focused on agrochemical and physicochemical parameters of the soils. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ascending Hierarchical Classification (HAC) were performed to identify the main factors influencing soil variability. The results show a marked differentiation between two main groups of soils. The first group, mainly comprising control farms, is characterized by a lower ph, higher density, and lower cation exchange capacity, suggesting lower fertility. Conversely, the second group, composed mainly of mother and sister farms, has more fertile soils with a higher ph, better phosphorus availability, and a higher CEC. These differences reflect the influence of agricultural practices on soil structure and composition. Adopting appropriate practices could promote soil sustainability and agricultural productivity, thus contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs).