Assessment of Tigris River Water Quality for Drinking Purposes in Baghdad City, Iraq

The Tigris River, a crucial water source for Baghdad City, has faced increasing pollution due to industrialization, agricultural runoff, and population growth, necessitating regular water quality assessments.This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of the river in Baghdad's Al-Zafraniya district to determine its suitability for drinking.Over six months, water samples were analyzed for key parameters (e.g., temperature, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, major ions, and nutrients) using standard methods.Results revealed seasonal variations, with higher dissolved constituents during dry periods and dilution effects during rains.While most parameters met permissible standards, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, and calcium hardness exceeded acceptable limits.Although no critical pollution was detected, anthropogenic factors (fertilizers, waste disposal) and natural processes (rainfall, erosion) likely influenced water quality.Continuous monitoring is essential to mitigate potential public health risks, particularly for communities directly dependent on river water.