Epidemiological Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infections at Tertiary Care Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Background: Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem seen in both developing and developed countries.This study aims to analyze the epidemiological pattern of Hepatitis A virus infection in patients attending GCSMCH & RC (Gujarat Cancer Society Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre), Ahmedabad.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at GCS Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre (GCSMCH & RC), Ahmedabad, analyzing data from July to December 2024.A total of 445 patients were tested for anti-HAV IgM antibodies.Demographic details, including age and gender, along with the monthly distribution of cases, were collected.Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square tests, with p<0.05 considered significant.Results: Out of 445 patients, 101 (22.7%) tested positive for HAV.The highest number of cases was recorded in September (n=31), while November had the lowest (n=9).Age-wise distribution revealed a significant variation (p<0.001), with the majority of cases occurring in individuals aged >21 years.Gender-wise, 63 males (62.4%) and 38 females (37.6%) were affected; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.103). Conclusion:The study indicates a notable prevalence of HAV infections among adults, particularly those over 21 years old, with a peak in cases during the post-monsoon month of September.These findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies, including improved sanitation, awareness campaigns, and consideration of adult vaccination programs to mitigate HAV transmission.