Genotype-dependent apoptotic responses to cyantraniliprole exposure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Insights from statistical modeling and molecular validation

Cyantraniliprole is a widely used insecticide in rice that could induce cellular damage. However, the mechanism of cyantraniliprole induced cell apoptosis was not clear. The Split-Split-Plot analysis revealed that the expression of apoptosis-related genes was significantly impacted by exposure time, concentration, genotype, and their complex interactions. Moreover, genotype progressively emerged as the dominant factor in cyantraniliprole induced apoptosis, while concentration remained consistently minimal effects (3.25 % to 14.75 %). Genotype × Environment Interaction analysis identified TNF-α, p53, caspase-8, Bax, and puma as key regulators in cyantraniliprole induced apoptosis, while molecular docking showed there was high affinity between those proteins and cyantraniliprole. Immunosorbent assay revealed significant dose-dependent elevation of pro-apoptotic proteins, and Puma and Bax presented potential diagnostic value for assessing cyantraniliprole induced cellular toxicity. These findings enhance understanding of cyantraniliprole toxicity and provide a foundation for ecological risk assessment and food safety monitoring.