Community pharmacists’ knowledge, practices and barriers in diabetes mellitus management during Ramadan in Jordan: a cross-sectional study

The study reveals moderate knowledge and high practice levels among community pharmacists in Jordan regarding diabetes management during Ramadan. However, gaps in medication adjustments and patient risk stratification remain. Continuous professional development programmes are needed to enhance pharmacists' knowledge and skills in these areas. Strengthening pharmacy resources, such as access to updated guidelines and patient education tools, can support better care practices. Future research should explore interprofessional collaboration, compare practice settings and regions, and employ qualitative and interventional study designs to deepen understanding and improve management of diabetes during Ramadan.