Research on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Typhoons in the South China Sea Based on Kernel Density Analysis Algorithm

In this article, the spatial characteristics of typhoon track data in the South China Sea were investigated. Th “core area” and “activity range” concepts, which were used to study the special characteristics of animal activity at the beginning, were introduced in this article to study the spatial characteristics of typhoon activity. In conjunction with KDE (Kernel Density Estimation) method, a hierarchical analysis method was proposed to study the spatial characteristics of typhoon track in the South China Sea, more quantitatively. The statistical results show that there is significant heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of typhoon activities in the South China Sea. Further research showed that typhoons in the South China Sea are concentrated in the northern part of the South China Sea, with the core area showing an east-west distribution trend, affecting the Philippines' Luzon Island, the southern coast of China and the vast area of northern Vietnam. The core area of local typhoons in the South China Sea is relatively west, and the highest density area is located in the southeast of Hainan Province, mainly affecting northern Vietnam, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan in China, and the intensity is relatively weak. The core of the typhoon that moved into the South China Sea was to the east, with the highest density of activity at the northern tip of Luzon Island. Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan in China, as well as most of the Philippines, were all affected. During the summer monsoon period, the core activity area of typhoons is to the north, between <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$15^{\circ} \mathrm{N}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$23^{\circ} \mathrm{N}$</tex>, mainly affecting the southern coastal provinces of China and parts of northern Vietnam. During the winter monsoon period, the core area of typhoons is further south, concentrated in an area south of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$15^{\circ} \mathrm{N}$</tex>, mainly affecting the Philippines and southern Vietnam. This study provides a quantitative and objective expression and analysis of the spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon activity in the South China Sea, and provides a basis for further research on regional differences in the impact of typhoon disasters in this region.