Toward Safer Roads: Challenges and Solutions for URLLC in Modern Vehicle-to-Everything Networks

The vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks are transforming how we think about transportation by enabling vehicles to communicate with each other, infrastructure, and other devices. At the heart of this innovation is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5 \mathrm{G} / 6 \mathrm{G}$</tex> driven ultrareliable low-latency communication (URLLC). URLLC ensures that critical data, like safety alerts, can be sent and received almost instantly with near-perfect reliability. This paper dives into the challenges of making URLLC work in V2X networks, such as dealing with network delays, ensuring reliability, and adapting to the fast and ever-changing nature of vehicular environments. It also explores emerging technologies like federated learning, visible light communication, and unmanned aerial vehicles that can help solve these challenges. By looking at both the hurdles and solutions, this paper highlights what is needed to build safer, smarter, and more reliable future for V2X networks.