An Automated Detection System for Magnetic Bead Residues in Cell Therapy Products Based on YOLOv12

Cell therapy, as an emerging therapeutic approach, has demonstrated significant potential in cancer treatment, regenerative medicine, and other fields. The application of magnetic bead sorting technology in its production process is crucial. This study developed an automated detection system for magnetic bead residues in cell therapy products by utilizing singlestage object detection model YOLOv12, combined with an image pre-processing module, a magnetic bead feature extraction module, and a post-processing data algorithm module. Experimental results showed that the YOLOv12-X model, integrated with custom pre-processing and post-processing modules, achieved an mAP@ 0.5 of 0.937 and an mAP@ 0.75 of 0.794 in magnetic bead detection, representing improvements of 3.2 % and 4 %, respectively over the baseline model. This validates the system's effectiveness in detecting micron-scale magnetic beads.