Optimization of Survey Line Overlap Rate and Coverage Width Based on Multibeam Sonar

Multibeam sonar technology is essential in modern surveying and exploration, providing high-resolution and high-coverage data, but optimizing survey line design to enhance coverage efficiency and reduce measurement blind spots and overlap remains challenging. This study addresses the optimization of multibeam sonar survey lines by proposing a mathematical model based on geometric analysis. Assuming a depth of 70 meters, a multibeam transducer opening angle of 120°, and a slope of 1.5°, the coverage width, overlap rate between adjacent swaths, and depth were calculated using trigonometric geometry. The study found that as the distance from the survey line to the center point increases, the depth decreases and the coverage width becomes smaller. Additionally, the overlap rate and coverage on a slope were analyzed, revealing that the overlap rate is related to the slope and the distance between survey lines. Furthermore, by constructing a 3D model, the effects of different survey line direction angles and the distance between the measuring ship and the center point on the coverage width were analyzed. Finally, by adjusting the positions of the survey lines, complete coverage of the target area was achieved, maintaining an overlap rate between 10% and 20%, and minimizing the total line length. Experimental results indicate that this method effectively optimizes the design of multibeam sonar survey lines, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of mapping.