Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Robofest: A Longitudinal Analysis of STEM Education Outcomes

This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Robofest, an autonomous robotics competition program designed to enhance STEM education for K-12 students. Using longitudinal team registration data, coach surveys, and pre- and post-event Likert scale student surveys, we assess program efficacy and explore implications for future adaptations. While the pandemic accelerated the adoption of online learning and increased parental involvement, it also negatively impacted STEM education outcomes. Specifically, (1) the total number of participants and teams significantly decreased, (2) STEM class Likert scale scores declined, and (3) STEM career Likert scale scores showed a statistically significant decrease. These declines appear to be driven by learning disruptions, a lack of hands-on opportunities, reduced engagement, declining student motivation and interest in STEM, and diminished mentorship. We propose strategies such as hybrid learning models, expanded access to virtual robotics platforms, and targeted teacher training to improve STEM education resilience in future disruptions.