Comparative Analysis of the Variability of Daily Minimum, Maximum and Mean Air Temperature in Baku and Tbilisi in 2005-2024

Detailed statistical analysis of daily minimum (Tmin), maximum (Tmax), Daily Temperature Range and average (Tmean) air temperatures in Baku and Tbilisi in 2005-2024 and their variability in 2020-2024 compared to 2005-2009 against the background of climate change is presented. Assessment of the in-crease in risks of climate warming for the population of these cities. A significant impact of rapid climate warming over the past two decades on the growth of the specified air temperature characteristics in both cities is shown. In particular, an increase in the minimum daily values of all the studied parameters, an increase in maximum air temperatures, a significant increase in the average annual values of Tmin, Tmax and Tmean in the second period of time compared to the first (from 1.0 °C for Tmin in Tbilisi to 1.7 °C for Tmax in Baku). In 2020-2024, compared to 2005-2024, average number of days per year with the ”Heating” cate-gory (>24 °C) for all the specified parameters increased in both cities. For Tmin in Baku - from 14 to 23, in Tbilisi - from 2 to 3; for Tmax in Baku - from 126 to 139, in Tbilisi - from 134 to 144; for Tmean in Baku - from 70 to 92, in Tbilisi - from 54 to 72. The average number of days per year with the category "Comfort" (17-24 °C) for Tmin in Baku did not change (100 days each), in Tbilisi - increased from 83 to 103; for Tmax in Baku it increased from 71 to 75, in Tbilisi - almost did not change (74 and 73 respectively); for Tmean in both Baku and Tbilisi, it decreased - from 89 to 71 and from 96 to 83 respectively. The average number of days per year with the category "Overheating" (≥ 36°C) in Baku increased from 4 to 9, in Tbilisi - from 9 to 17. In general, as a result of rapid climate warming in the last two decades, both in Baku and Tbilisi for temperatures above the comfort zone, an increase in thermal risks to public health is observed.