The Possible Therapeutic Effect of Nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract and \ or Low Doses of Gamma Radiation on Liver Injury Induced in Rats by Acute Pancreatitis

Background: The hallmark of acute pancreatitis (AP) is exocrine pancreatic inflammation, which is linked to acinar cell damage and a systemic and local inflammatory response. Liver function is closely related to the progression and prognosis of AP. Nanoparticles can improve drug release efficiency and enable regulated release with fewer adverse effects. An essential herbal plant, Moringa oleifera is used to treat inflammation, cancer, liver and heart problems, wounds, and pain. According to radiation hormesis, a natural synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) sufficient to activate the defensive mechanisms and induce a positive health effect, a low dosage of ionizing radiation (IR) is necessary for life. Aim of the work: This study is designed to evaluate the impact of nano-Moringa Oleifera leaves extract and/or low dose gamma irradiation on acute pancreatitis induced by L-arginine on the liver tissues of rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male rats were categorized into five separate groups. Group I: control group (C), group 2: positive control group (PC): L-arginine (250 mg/100g body weight) was administered intraperitoneally to the rats twice at 1-hour intervals, every other day for 14 days to cause acute pancreatitis, group 3: nano-Moringa oleifera treated group (NM): the positive control animals were treated with nano-Moringa oleifera (50 mg/kg/day) daily for 14 days, group 4: gamma irradiated group (IR): the positive control animals were exposed to 0.25 Gy x2 / week for 2weeks, group 5: nano-Moringa oleifera + gamma irradiated treated group (NM + IR ): the positive control animals were treated with NM (50 mg/Kg/day) for 14 days and were exposed to 0.25 Gy x2/week/2weeks.The experimental rats were sacrificed after one day of treatments; liver functions, Random blood sugar (RBS) level, Insulin level, histopathological and histochemical changes in liver tissue were evaluated.‎ Results: rats suffering from PC revealed a significant increase in AST, ALT and RBS while a significant decrease in insulin, along with severe liver tissue damage.‎ Treatment of experimental animals suffering from PC with NM and γ-irradiation either alone or combined, a ‎remarkable decrease AST, ALT and RBS, while remarkable increase in insulin level, resulting in notable amelioration of liver tissue damage. Conclusion: To minimize the liver damage induced by acute pancreatitis‎, it is recommended ‎to use nano-Moringa ‎ oleifera ‎ and low dose of γ-‎irradiation, either separately or in combination. ‎