Evaluating the hormonal and biochemical markers in womens with polycystic ovarian syndrome PCOS in Missan Province

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic complications. This condition significantly affects women's reproductive health. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and biochemical parameters of PCOS among married women in Missan Province, Iraq, and assess the associated risk factors, hormonal profiles, and metabolic complications. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 at the Child and Maternity Hospital in Missan Province. The study included 150 married women aged 25-45 years (mean age 35 years), divided into two groups (75 women diagnosed with PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria and 75 healthy controls). Data collection included demographic information, menstrual history, reproductive outcomes, family history, and clinical symptoms. Biochemical analyses encompassed hormonal profiles (FSH, LH, testosterone, prolactin, TSH, progesterone, estradiol), lipid profiles, liver function tests, and complete blood counts. Results: Significant differences were observed between the PCOS and control groups. Women with PCOS demonstrated higher body weight (78.4±15.8 kg in p<0.001) and BMI (29.7±5.9), with 52% being overweight and 29.3% obese. Menstrual irregularities were prevalent in PCOS patients, with 72% experiencing irregular cycles and 57.3% having oligomenorrhea. Clinical manifestations included hirsutism (81.3%), acne (56%), and alopecia (64%). Hormonal analysis revealed significantly elevated testosterone (2.23±1.19), LH (10.82±5.43), and insulin levels (18.4±9.2). Metabolic complications included dyslipidemia with elevated total cholesterol (207.64±73.42 mg/dL) and triglycerides (199.33±82.57 mg/dL). Liver dysfunction was indicated by elevated ALT and AST levels (p<0.001).