Black Francolin (Francolinus Francolinus) in Iraq: A Review

This study contributes to providing a detailed description of the Black Francolin population in Iraq, including description and systematics, distribution in the breeding and non-breeding seasons, agroecosystem, reproduction, diet, and environmental threats in the area. A case to consider is exemplified by the resident black francolin (an Endemic to Iraq), which is experiencing growing as a result of over-harvesting and habitat destruction growing survival challenges, leading to the need for effective state-managed conservation programs. This research provides recommendations for saving this species and taking care of its habitats in the Iraqi environment, according to field observations and scientific data.