Pro-inflammatory Cytokines of Gastric Tissues and Its Role in Patients with H. pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection, affecting over 50% of the global population, is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease due to its robust induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha1 and Interleukin-1 Beta. These cytokines recruit immune cells, leading to tissue damage and ulceration. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced peptic ulcers by quantifying their concentrations in mucous layer of gastric biopsy samples. A total of 65 patients with epigastric pain diagnosed as peptic ulcer and 25 healthy controls have been involved. Gastric biopsies were obtained to detect H. pylori using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure copy numbers (rpoD gene). The concentration of Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha1 in biopsy suspension samples were determined using an ELISA assay (Solarbio Human IL-1β ELISA Kit), and absorbance measured with a Fisher Scientific ELISA plate reader. Patients with peptic ulcers and positive to H. pylori demonstrated significantly elevated concentrations of both IL-1β (17.78 pg/ml vs. 9.05 pg/ml) and TNFα (89.84 pg/ml vs. 34.67 pg/ml) compared to controls (p<0.001). The study highlights elevation of TNFα and IL-1β in H. pylori-induced peptic ulcer patients, indicating their critical role in inflammation and ulcer pathogenesis.