Evaluation of the role of ELISA in confirmation of Schistosoma haematobium infection in bilharzial bladder cystitis and bilharzial bladder cancer patients.

Background: The Human Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) antibody is an IgG that can be used in the diagnosis of Sh infection complicated by bladder cancer (BC) Aim: To evaluate the role of ELISA in the confirmation of Schistosoma haematobium infection in bilharzial bladder cystitis and bilharzial bladder cancer patientsPatients and Methods: This case-control study enrolled 60 cases. 17 to 70 years old, males and females, had urinary manifestations, were grouped into three equal groups. Group I: Twenty patients with bilharzial BC. Group II: Twenty patients with chronic bilharzial cystitis. Group III: control: Twenty Healthy cases, microscopic urine examination, and an ELISA test for blood samples were done for all groups.Results: Age ranged from 17 to 74 years. The Ages were higher in the bilharzial BC group than in the chronic bilharziasis group (P=0.048). Sex was insignificant among groups. Rural residence was found in all groups. By microscopy, the presence of ova in the urine sample was positive in 14 (70%) in the chronic bilharziasis group, 5 (25%) in the bilharzial bladder cancer group, and was negative in the control group (P value<0.001). Anti-bilharzial AB was positive in 15 (75%) in the chronic bilharziasis group, 17 (85%) in the BC group, and was negative in the control group (P value<0.001). Anti-bilharzial AB can predict bilharzial disease (P value<0.001) with 84.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, 76.9% NPV, and 89.7% Accuracy.Conclusions: Anti-bilharzial AB can be used in confirmation of Schistosomiasis infection in bilharzial bladder cystitis and bilharzial bladder cancer patients.