Prospective Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetics at the University Hospital Center of Sidi Bel-abbes.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide and one of the major complications due to diabetes, the frequency of which is increasing sharply. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for DN in T1D patients consulting the department of diabetology-endocrinology of the university hospital center (UHC) of Sidi Bel-abbes, Algeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of ND in T1D patients. It was carried out over a period of eight years, from January, 2012 to December, 2020, involving 341 T1D patients. The judgment criteria were: positive microalbuminuria, positive macroalbuminuria and IRCT estimated by GFR below 60 mL/min/1.73m2. The second part of study was analytical, it concerned the identification of factors associated with ND. In the univariate analysis, the associations between the dependent variable (ND+) and all of its determinants were tested by Chi-square χ² test with statistical significance threshold of 5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. Results: The ND prevalence in T1D was 24.60%. After adjustment by logistic regression, five explanatory factors independently and statistically significantly associated with ND were retained: duration of diabetes (adjusted OR: 2.822; p=0.006), smoking (adjusted OR: 2.164; p=0.020), maternal hypertension (adjusted OR: 2.388; p=0.015), HbA1c (adjusted OR: 4.941; p=0.001), and finally dyslipidemia (adjusted OR: 4.010; p<0.001), more precisely LDL-c (p=0.004) as a potentially predictive independent factor. Conclusion: The risk factors for ND in T1D were duration of diabetes, smoking, maternal hypertension, HbA1c and LDL-c.