A rare case of disseminated tuberculosis presenting as deep vein thrombosis with polyserositis in a middle-aged female

Background: Here, we present a rare case of disseminated tuberculosis (TB) manifesting as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and polyserositis in a 48-year-old female. The patient exhibited right upper limb edema , bilateral lower limb edema, and shortness of breath for six months. Initial investigation revealed bilateral pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and lymphadenopathy. Doppler ultrasound confirmed extensive DVT in the right brachiocephalic, subclavian, internal jugular, axillary, brachial, and basilic veins with extension to the interosseous veins. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) venogram of the thorax further identified a thrombus in the left brachiocephalic vein.Further laboratory analysis revealed elevated D-dimer levels. Pericardial fluid culture confirmed tubercularetiology. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis and anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) was initiated, leading to significant clinical improvement. This case emphasizes the importance of considering disseminated TB as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with unexplained thromboembolic events and serositis, particularly in endemic regions.