Evaluation of The Nephrin And Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 As Markers For Kidney Injury in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The current study aimed to evaluate the level of serum nephrin and Fibroblast growth factor -23 (FGF-23) as markers for kidney injury in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was conducted with 90 blood samples collected from patients with T2DM (60 samples) and healthy individuals (30 samples) as a control group. The patients' samples were collected from Kirkuk General Hospital between October 15, 2024, and January 29, 2025The study includes the determination of HbA1c, glucose, nephrin, urea, creatinine, total protein, and FGF-23 in patients and the control group using standard methods. The results indicated that the mean values for age, BMI, glucose, HbA1c, urea, creatinine, total protein, nephrin, and FGF-23 were all significantly elevated (P ≤ 0.05) in T2DM patients compared to the healthy control group, with a non-significant difference in the levels of serum albumin and globulin. From the results of the study, we can conclude that the level of nephrin acts as a sensitive maker for kidney injury in patients with hyperglycemia.