Sexual arousal intensity modulates copulatory behavior and semen quality in Arabian stallions: Effects of age, origin, and collection method

Sexual arousal intensity significantly modulates both behavioral and semen quality parameters in stallions. Lower arousal is associated with prolonged erection and superior sperm motility, suggesting dissociation between behavioral excitement and physiological semen traits. Collection from an estrous mare can enhance fresh semen motility, though the dummy remains safer for handlers. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring semen collection protocols to individual stallion profiles to optimize AI outcomes.