Variation in equid host response to trypanosome infection

Main limitations: Small sample size.Conclusions: Choline, creatine, glutamate, leucine, pyruvate, and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate could serve as potential biomarkers for detecting intestinal ischaemia in horses.Subsequent studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of these metabolites, either individually or in combination, and possible cut-off values in predicting the occurrence of intestinal ischaemia using peritoneal fluid samples.Ethical animal research: Approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science was obtained for this research.