A modern view on classification of neurocytoprotectors. Application of racetams in cognitive disorders

Modern achievements in regenerative neurobiology have enabled the development of new methods for treating injuries of the brain, retina, and spinal cord. The main strategies include biomedical cell products and pharmacological agents that stimulate neuroregeneration. Neurotrophic therapy aims to replenish energy and plastic substrates for neurons during ischemia and degeneration, and stimulate neurogenesis to restore damaged tissues. Among the medications, neurocytoprotectors (Cerebrolysin, Cortexin), nootropics (piracetam, fonturacetam), antioxidants, and excitotoxicity blockers (memantine) are highlighted. Piracetam improves cognitive functions, cerebral blood flow, and neuroplasticity but requires prolonged use in high doses. Neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF) and combined preparations that enhance neuroprotection and regeneration are considered promising.