One-dimensional computational investigations on a 3- cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled LPG/H2, methanol/gasoline blends, and E85 for meeting future emission norms

This study explores a new strategy for enhancing performance and lowering emissions in a three-cylinder spark ignition engine by utilizing various blended alternative fuels. Using one-dimensional simulation software. Avl Boost analysed the engine's emission characteristics and performance metrics across a speed range of 1500–5000 rpm. The optimal fuel blend 80 % LPG and 20 % hydrogen delivered impressive results. It boosted Brake power by 30 % compared to M10/G90 and by 20 % over E85/G15 while also improving thermal efficiency by 25 %. A comparative analysis of three fuel blends (mixed by volume) showed performance gains across all options. Both M10/G90 and E85/G15 blends exhibited better power output. Brake-specific fuel consumption, and Brake mean effective pressure notably, the E85/G15 blend produced 15 % more brake power than M10/G90 and achieved a 10 % reduction in Bsfc. The LPG80/H 2 20 blend stood out for its efficiency, registering the lowest Bsfc values 45 % and 50 % lower than ethanol and methanol blends, respectively. Emission modelling further confirmed its advantages, as it resulted in the lowest CO, HC, and NOx emissions. However, a slight rise in NOx emissions was observed at higher engine speeds. • This novel research work predicted the Performance and emission characteristics of LPG80 %/Hydrogen 20 %, Methanol10 %/Gasoline90 % & Ethanol85 %/Gasoline15 % blended fuel. • Blended LPG80 %/Hydrogen20 %, showed promising Carbon monoxide and Hydrocarbon emissions in comparison to Methanol10 %/Gasoline90 % and Ethanol85 %/Gasoline 15 %. • Brake power is highest for Methanol10 %/Gasoline90 % blend followed by LPG80 %/Hydrogen 20 %, and Ethanol85 respectively. • Combustion pressure were highest for LPG80 %/Hydrogen 20 %, blended fuel at higher speed of 3000 rpm followed by other two blended alternative fuels. • NOx emissions were lowest for Ethanol 85 blended fuel and LPG80 %/Hydrogen 20 %, also predicted lower NOx emissions as compared to Methanol10 %/Gasoline90 % fuel.