Potential of Bauhinia variegata as a Phytomedicine for the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) A Comprehensive Review

Bauhinia variegata L., a medicinally significant tree native to South and Southeast Asia, has been traditionally employed in various indigenous healing systems. This review presents a critical appraisal of its therapeutic potential, highlighting its bioactive constituents and pharmacological relevance in modern healthcare. Multiple plant parts of B. variegata are rich in phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and glycosides. Notable compounds include kaempferol-3-O-D-glucoside, hesperidin and pyranoside from the bark, isoquercitrin, rutin and bauhinione from the stem and β-diol derivatives and heptatriacontane from the leaves. These constituents are associated with a diverse range of bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective and nephroprotective effects. Additionally, five recently identified compounds from the roots: β-sitosterol, piperine, piperolein B, retrofractamide A and dehydropipernonaline, have demonstrated selective cytotoxicity, particularly against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Among its potential therapeutic roles, B. variegata shows promise in addressing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a multifactorial endocrine disorder affecting female reproductive health. Evidence from traditional formulations suggests its capacity to modulate hormonal activity and reduce associated symptoms. In conclusion, Bauhinia variegata holds significant value as a phytotherapeutic agent. Its broad pharmacological spectrum and traditional relevance warrant further experimental and clinical validation for integration into evidence-based medicine.