The Ongoing Effort to Thwart Antimicrobial Resistance

Eighty years ago Nobelist Alexander Fleming predicted the development of antimicrobial resistance.In recent years, research has demonstrated new bacterial resistance actions suggesting our attempts to thwart antimicrobial resistance may never be fully realized.Recently identified resistance mechanisms are reviewed with important implications for human health.Importantly, several new and invigorated approaches and concepts to thwart antimicrobial resistance are explored and are reviewed, including a role for Artificial Intelligence and CRISPR-Cas9.The combined effort and thrust of innovative research will continue to make progress to impede antimicrobial resistance.