Thách thức của Công ước Liên hợp quốc về Luật Biển năm 1982 trong thế kỷ XXI

Since its entry into force on 16 November 1994, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) has affirmed its role as the “Constitution for the oceans”, the most important legal framework for the international community to govern the seas and oceans for the purposes of peace and sustainable development. However, entering the 21st century, UNCLOS has revealed certain shortcomings, as it does not fully address newly emerging challenges from practice. Against this backdrop, the author of this paper examines three pressing challenges to the improvement of UNCLOS: (i) climate change; (ii) maritime security; and (iii) the protection of human rights at sea.