A Study on the Strategy for Building AI-Based Manned and Unmanned Complex Systems through SWOT-PEST Analysis

This study highlights the need to establish artificial intelligence (AI)-based Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) systems in response to changes in the future battlefield and the Defense Innovation 4.0 initiative. The increasing use of unmanned systems in the Ukraine war has elevated MUM-T as a key element of modern military power. Using SWOT analysis, the study examines the internal and external conditions of the Republic of Korea Army and derives strategic responses through SO, WO, ST, and WT strategies. PEST analysis is also applied to consider broader policy and technological environments. The findings reveal structural challenges such as the lack of doctrinal clarity, limited interoperability, and insufficient infrastructure. To address these, the study suggests approaches including civil-military technology integration, international cooperation, talent development, and secure data and communication systems. This research provides foundational insights for the conceptual and policy development of MUM-T and proposes directions for future studies on operational concepts and ethical-legal frameworks.