Specialized knowledge in the investigation of crimes related to human trafficking: the Russian model and recommendations for Vietnam

The subject of this scientific study is a comprehensive and in-depth examination of the current features of applying specialized knowledge and various expert methods in the course of professional and thorough investigations of crimes related to human trafficking committed within the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter – the RF). Particular attention is paid to the detailed analysis of the regulatory framework, existing organizational structures, and mechanisms for effective interaction between investigative bodies and specialized expert institutions. The methodological basis of the study is defined as a comprehensive approach combining comparative legal analysis, interpretation of statistical data, examination of legal acts, and analysis of expert and investigative practices. The result of the work is a systematic review of the Russian model for applying specialized knowledge, including the institution of forensic expertise, cooperation between investigative bodies and expert organizations, modern technological tools, and specialized personnel training. Special focus is placed on the institutionalization of forensic psychological examinations, digital forensics for analyzing online recruitment, and financial expertise for tracking money laundering channels. A comparative analysis was conducted with the Vietnamese system, revealing gaps in legal regulation, weak expert infrastructure, and fragmented interagency cooperation. The findings may be used for reforming Vietnam’s expert system, drafting by-laws, creating coordination bodies and digital databases, training investigators and experts, and enhancing international cooperation against transnational human trafficking. The novelty of the study lies in the systematic comparison of Russian and Vietnamese practices in applying specialized knowledge, and in the proposal of specific institutional and regulatory solutions for adapting advanced international experience. In conclusion, the study confirms the high applicability of the Russian experience in Vietnam, provided that it is adjusted to national specificities, emphasizing the importance of an integrated, interdisciplinary, and technology-based approach to investigating human trafficking crimes.