Anthroposophy and Racism

This article provides a detailed exposition of Rudolf Steiner’s racial teachings, followed by an overview of how his racial ideas have influenced the Anthroposophical movement in five European countries: Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Italy. There is substantial evidence that Steiner and many of his leading followers persistently promoted ideas about race that align closely with those espoused by white supremacists. The article also summarises and analyses the main lines of defence put forward within the Anthroposophical movement in response to critiques of Steiner’s racial teachings.