Early theories on fluid resistance and translation of Euler’s “Dilucidationes de resistentia fluidorum”

In 1763, Euler published Dilucidationes de resistentia fluidorum (Explanations on the resistance of fluids), a memoir that challenges the fluid resistance theories proposed by Isaac Newton and d’Alembert. Euler's work explores the resistance experienced by solid bodies moving through fluids, critiquing both Newton's "common rule" and d’Alembert's paradox, which predicted zero resistance for non-viscous fluids. Euler's treatise is divided into two parts: the first focuses on the mathematical modeling of fluid flow patterns, while the second addresses the calculation of fluid resistance on surfaces. Despite significant advancements, Euler's work remains constrained by the limitations of non-viscous fluid assumptions, ultimately grappling with the same paradoxes he sought to overcome. This paper reviews the key contributions and limitations of Dilucidationes, emphasizing the ongoing relevance of Euler's insights in the context of classical fluid dynamics. Additionally, it highlights the translation capabilities of AI-powered tools, specifically ChatGPT, in translating complex mathematical texts, marking a noticeable improvement in handling notation-heavy content.