Evaluation of size and shape of Sella Turcica among the Adult Nepali Population by Computed Tomography in a Tertiary Level Hospital – A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Variations in size and structure of the sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland, may be signs of trauma, malignancies, or congenital abnormalities. Although radiographic investigations are frequently performed, more accurate measurements are obtained with computed tomography (CT). Through the use of CT scans, this study sought to assess the size and shape of the sella turcica in adult Nepali individuals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital, Nepal, from 1st May 2023 to 30th April 2024 after obtaining approval from NAIHS-IRC(Reg.No:843) in CT scans of 617 patients (346 males, 271 females) aged 18–90 years were analyzed. Linear dimensions (length, depth, antero-posterior diameter) and shape variations were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with comparisons made across age groups and genders. Results: The mean sella turcica length was 12.75 ± 1.94 mm, depth 8.12 ± 2.77 mm, and antero-posterior diameter 13.94 ± 1.85 mm. Males exhibited significantly greater sella length than females (p = 0.0008). Age-related trends were observed, with sella length increasing in older males (81–90 years, p = 0.02). Shape variations followed Axelsson et al.'s classification, with no significant gender differences in depth or antero-posterior diameter. Conclusion: This study established baseline measurements for sella turcica dimensions in the Nepali population, highlighting gender and age-related differences. CT-based evaluation provides reliable data for detecting pituitary anomalies, supporting clinical diagnosis and orthodontic applications.