Syntactic organization of word order: a study of syntagmatic relations

The purpose of the study is to systematize the mechanisms of influence of syntagmatic connections on the formation of the communicative and semantic structure of an utterance in order to develop a model of their functional significance in the process of text formation. The proper use of the phrase “word order in a sentence” by syntaxists has been called into question. The article deals with the text’s syntagmatic structure and sentence structure. The syntagma theory’s pragmatic aspect is highlighted. The scientific novelty of the work is defined by the following factors: for the first time a new understanding of the order of words in a sentence is given through the prism of the syntagmatic theory of speech, where the basic unit is not a single word but a syntagma as a minimal speech structure with a specific situational meaning; a fundamentally new idea of sentence construction is introduced according to which words are included in a sentence not isolated but as a part of a syntagma; for once a study has been conducted on the relations between the traditional structural scheme of a sentence and the real process of its construction. An innovative concept of text perception is proposed where syntagmatic division is the primary one. Methodological foundations have been developed for the analysis of real processes of speech generation. The conducted research allowed us to establish a hierarchy of forms of speech communication: oral speech is defined as the primary, natural form, while written speech is recognized as a secondary, artificially created one, requiring a revision of existing approaches to written speech, which should be viewed through the prism of oral communication and adjusted in accordance with its patterns.