The Pain of Others in Antonio Altarriba's El cielo en la cabeza

Abstract: This article analyzes the graphic novel El cielo en la cabeza by Antonio Altarriba, Sergio García Sánchez, and Lola Moral, examining how it portrays a racialized character and transforms his struggles into a matter of concern for a predominantly White readership in Spain. Using Susan Sontag's critique of visual representation in Regarding the Pain of Others , the study explores how the graphic novel's visual and narrative techniques draw readers into the harrowing experience of Nivek, a young Congolese migrant, compelling them to confront the brutal, racially motivated realities he faces. The article argues that by bringing the atrocities closer to home and revealing Spain's participation in the migrant crisis, the work avoids portraying its protagonist as a victim and prevents readers from being mere voyeurs. While recognizing the antiracist intention of El cielo en la cabeza , the study suggests that such work could be further developed by including the voices of Black people, an endeavor which would require collaboration from the publishing industry. This analysis contributes to ongoing discussions about the role of visual storytelling in addressing social justice issues and the responsibilities of White creators in antiracist work.