Causal Links Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolites and Postpartum Depression: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

This study is the first to use bidirectional MR to investigate the causal role of CSF metabolites in PPD. Our results highlight potential metabolic drivers and feedback mechanisms in PPD, especially the reciprocal link with maleate. These findings offer new insights into PPD's neurobiology and suggest novel targets for early detection and may inform novel therapeutic strategies in maternal mental health.