From the League of Nations to the UN: The Evolution of Conflict Resolution Mechanisms by International Organizations

The object of the research is the activities of the League of Nations and the UN in maintaining peace and security. The subject is the evolution of conflict resolution mechanisms through the example of the veto power. The relevance of the issues concerning the participation of universal international organizations in regulating interstate relations in the military-political sphere is noted in the work. A historical description of the process of the formation of the League of Nations and the UN is provided. Emphasis is placed on various projects for a global organization that existed before the emergence of the League of Nations, as well as specific aspects of discussions that occurred during the development of the UN Charter. A comparative analysis of the features of the creation and functioning of the two organizations is conducted. The historical experience of the League of Nations and its influence on the organization of work in the UN, particularly regarding the creation of the veto power mechanism, is analyzed. The methodological basis of the work includes the use of traditional and modern methods employed in historical research: general logical methods (including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, juxtaposition, generalization), and the method of critical analysis of documents. The article also employs an integrative approach that combines problem-chronological, structural-functional methods, as well as case studies and content analysis. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the mechanisms of the League of Nations and the UN for resolving international crises has been carried out. In both cases, at the conceptual level, there is an attempt to approach the liberal ideal of "peace in the world" by creating a universal supranational body. However, both organizations differ significantly in their effectiveness. The future of the UN universal project depends on its ability to adapt institutions such as permanent membership in the Security Council and the veto power to current processes in the formation of a multipolar world. An author’s assessment of the prospects for reforming the UN Security Council, taking into account the lessons of the League of Nations and current expert discussions, is formulated. The materials and conclusions of this work can be used in developing positions on international security issues, as well as in further research on the UN, in the development and writing of educational programs and teaching aids on international relations.