Biologically active additives. Efficiency and safety issues

The article discusses the key aspects of safety, effectiveness and expediency of using biologically active additives (dietary supplements). The problems associated with the lack of strict clinical control, composition variability, possible side effects and drug interactions are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the evidence base of dietary supplements: supplements with proven effectiveness (vitamin D, omega-3, probiotics) and those whose benefits remain controversial (collagen, glucosamine, L-carnitine) are highlighted. The risks associated with undesirable effects, overdose and toxicity of dietary supplements, as well as their interaction with medications (for example, St. John's wort and antidepressants, omega-3 and anticoagulants) are discussed. The importance of marketing aspects and consumer psychology is emphasized, including the influence of placebo and widespread myths about the "natural safety" of dietary supplements. In conclusion, current trends such as personalized dietary supplements based on DNA tests and nanotechnology are considered, as well as the need to strengthen government regulation in this area.