Mechanical and thermal properties of <i>Luffa</i>-based biocomposite films using Gum Arabic and chitosan for packaging

This research explores the development of a biodegradable biocomposite film using Gum Acacia (GA) and chitosan extracted from Luffa cylindrica fibers. Chitosan was successfully isolated with a yield of 41.07% and a deacetylation degree of 73.12%, validating its use as a plant-based alternative to traditional chitosan. Biocomposite films were fabricated by blending varying concentrations of chitosan (0–25%) with GA, using sorbitol as a plasticizer to enhance flexibility. Mechanical testing showed increased tensile strength with higher chitosan content, peaking at 309.3 MPa, though this was accompanied by reduced elongation at break, indicating a strength-flexibility trade-off. FTIR analysis confirmed the integration of chitosan, and SEM images revealed improved dispersion and interfacial adhesion at higher loadings, despite greater surface roughness. Thermal analysis via TGA and DSC demonstrated stability up to 200 °C, with thermal behavior influenced by interactions between GA and chitosan. The films also exhibited tunable water absorption properties. Overall, the GA-chitosan films showed promising mechanical and thermal performance, making them suitable for sustainable packaging applications. The use of plant-derived chitosan supports the development of eco-friendly, biodegradable materials, offering a viable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. Performance properties can be tailored by adjusting chitosan content for specific packaging needs.