Assessing sustainable environmental practices and carbon footprint awareness among Urban dwellers in Kaduna Metropolis

Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century, with far-reaching implications for environmental, social, and economic systems. Central to climate discourse is the concept of carbon footprint, which quantifies the total greenhouse gas emissions associated with individual, organizational, or activity-based actions. This study investigates the level of awareness, attitude, and behavioural practices related to carbon footprint reduction among residents of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were randomly collected through structured questionnaires administered to 365 respondents across key urban districts. The study examines factors influencing residents’ knowledge of carbon emissions, their willingness to adopt eco-friendly practices, and the socio-demographic variables shaping sustainable behavior (age, education, and income). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reveal a moderate level of awareness of the concept of carbon footprint, with significant variations based on education level, income, and age. While many respondents express positive attitudes toward environmental sustainability, the actual adoption of low-carbon practices, such as waste segregation, energy conservation, and use of public transport, remains limited due to infrastructural and institutional barriers. The findings of this study reveal that education was a significant predictor (p < 0.001) of both awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. Gender and education were found to have a significant influence on attitudes toward carbon footprint reduction (p < 0.001). Male individuals with higher education levels were more likely to hold positive attitudes and demonstrate greater awareness. The study recommends promoting sustainable urban living and increasing carbon literacy through community workshops and targeted campaigns among residents.