Do Vitiligo Patients Also Suffer from Metabolic Syndrome?: A Study

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic depigmenting skin disorder characterized by the destruction of melanocytes. Emerging evidence highlights a potential link between vitiligo and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of conditions including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Despite global studies, data from Northeast India, where genetic and environmental factors may influence this relationship, remains sparse. Aims and objectives: Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MetS among vitiligo patients, and to find the association of the demographic and clinical parameters with MetS in patients with vitiligo. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted from May 2022 to April 2024. A total of 150 vitiligo patients aged 20 to 80 years were recruited consecutively. MetS was diagnosed based on the 2009 Joint Scientific Statement criteria. Clinical examinations, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests were performed. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t -tests, and chi-square tests to explore associations between MetS and clinical variables. Results: The prevalence of MetS in vitiligo patients was 35.3%. Significant gender differences were observed, with females exhibiting higher fasting blood sugar, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels, along with lower high-density lipoprotein levels, whereas males showed higher blood pressure. Participants with MetS were significantly older ( P = 0.01). No association was found between MetS and the type, onset, or duration of vitiligo. However, Koebner’s phenomenon was significantly associated with MetS ( P = 0.04). Conclusion: MetS is prevalent in vitiligo patients, warranting regular screening and interventions. Gender-specific and age-sensitive management approaches are essential for improving patient outcomes.