Design Parametrization of Central Venous Catheters for Pediatric Dialysis: Supporting the Quest for the Most Influential Features

Pediatric hemodialysis is a life-saving treatment for children with chronic kidney diseases. Central venous catheters (CVCs) are the most commonly used vascular access, despite being commonly subject to complications leading to inadequate hemodialysis and catheter replacement. The available CVCs feature various design elements reflecting ongoing efforts to achieve optimal performance. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can contribute to analyze the flow dynamics within the CVCs. The aim of this study is to investigate the design parameters that most influence the flow performance of CVCs. A design of experiment (DOE) was set up to assess the CFD of two CVC models of 6.5F and 8F size. Blood flow rates, shear stress, residence time, and platelet lysis index were evaluated. The results showed how the proximal side holes were the most influential geometrical features, influencing both the flow rates ( r > 0.64) and the shear stress of the CVCs (| r | > 0.5). At increased flow rate, the side holes were found to be competing with the tip in terms, especially, of residence time inside the CVC. The findings of this DOE show how CFD can contribute to understand the influence of design parameters and potentially guide the development of optimized pediatric-specific CVC models.