Drag2Build++: A drag-based 3D architectural mesh editing workflow based on differentiable surface modeling

In modern architectural design, as complexity increases and diverse demands emerge, reconstructing 3D spaces has become a crucial method. However, existing methods remain limited to small-scale scenarios and exhibit poor reconstruction accuracy when applied to building-scale environments, resulting in unstable mesh quality and reduced design productivity. Furthermore, the lack of real-time, interactive editing tools prolongs design iteration cycles and impedes workflow efficiency. To address this issue, we propose the following contributions: (1) We construct ArchiNet++ , an architectural dataset that includes 710,180 multi-view images, 5200 SketchUp models, and corresponding camera parameters from the conceptual design phase of architectural projects. (2) We introduce Drag2Build++ , an interactive 3D mesh reconstruction framework featuring drag-based editing and three core innovations: a differentiable geometry module for fine-grained deformation, a 2D-3D rendering bridge for supervision, and a GAN-based refinement module for photorealistic texture synthesis. (3) Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our model excels in generating high-quality 3D meshes and enables rapid mesh editing via drag-based interactions. Furthermore, by incorporating textured mesh generation into this interactive workflow, it improves both efficiency and modeling flexibility. We hope this combination can contribute to a more intuitive modeling process and offer a practical tool set that supports the digital transformation efforts within architectural design.