LC‐MS and FTIR‐Based Characterization of Flavonoid‐Rich Extract of <i>Hyoscyamus albus</i> L. Plant and its Multifunctional Bioactivities

Abstract The current study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition of the flavonoid‐rich extract of Hyoscyamus albus L. (FEHA), collected from the Khenchela region, and to investigate its multiple bioactivities. Phytochemical profiling was explored using LC‐MS and FTIR. The antioxidant activity was assessed via five assays. Antiarthritic activity was evaluated using the albumin denaturation method. The antidiabetic effect was measured through the glucose uptake assay in yeast cells. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disk diffusion method against five bacterial strains and anti‐inflammatory potential was evaluated via inhibition of protein denaturation using the BSA technique. LC‐MS analysis identified 15 phenolic compounds, with Cirsiliol being the most abundant and FTIR spectra revealed the presence of phenols, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aliphatics, carboxylic acids, aromatics, and amides. Among the antioxidant tests, the reducing power method showed the highest activity. Significant antiarthritic activity was recorded, and promising antidiabetic effects were observed. The extract also exhibited notable anti‐inflammatory activity and, at higher concentrations, zone of inhibition was also observed against E . coli . These findings suggest that H. albus . could be a valuable natural source of pharmacologically active compounds with potential therapeutic applications.