Adaptive MPPT Strategy for BIPV Systems Using MBGO Assisted P&O Under Dynamic Shading

Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems play a crucial role in sustainable energy generation, especially when integrated into Virtual Power Plants (VPPs). However, dynamic shading conditions significantly impact the power output of BIPV systems, necessitating efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) strategies. This study proposes an Adaptive MPPT Strategy for BIPV Systems Using MBGO Assisted P&O Under Dynamic Shading, combining the Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique assisted by Multiplayer Battle Game-Inspired Optimizer (MBGO) algorithm to enhance tracking efficiency and stability under fluctuating solar irradiance. The research presents a comparative study between tie-line connected and non-tie-line connected PV systems to evaluate their performance as Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) within a VPP framework. The proposed MPPT approach is designed to optimize power extraction while mitigating the effects of partial shading. The study conducts a detailed analysis under four different operating conditions for both tie-line and non-tie-line configurations, assessing power output improvements achieved through the proposed technique. Simulation results demonstrate that the MBGO-assisted P&O strategy significantly enhances power extraction efficiency, reducing oscillations and convergence time compared to conventional MPPT techniques. The findings indicate that tieline connected BIPV systems exhibit more stable energy contributions to the VPP, while non-tie-line systems benefit from improved standalone efficiency with the adaptive MPPT approach. The proposed methodology offers a robust solution for improving energy utilization in BIPV systems, ensuring reliable integration into smart grids and VPP networks.