Design of Real-Time Data Acquisition and Preprocessing System for Smart Grid Based on FPGA

Aiming at the efficiency and flexibility challenges faced by real-time data acquisition and preprocessing in smart grid, the traditional solutions based on general-purpose processors or application-specific integrated circuits have problems such as slow processing speed and poor real-time performance. In this paper, a real-time data acquisition and preprocessing system based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is designed. By utilizing the parallel processing ability and programmable hardware characteristics of FPGA, the high-speed acquisition and effective preprocessing of multi-source heterogeneous data in smart grid are realized. The system utilizes double-buffer technology to prevent data loss and optimizes core algorithms, such as Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering, data normalization, and feature extraction, at the hardware level. The simulation and experimental results obtained using VIVADO software indicate that the system achieves a total processing delay of 98.96 μs at a sampling rate of 100kHz, with a significant improvement in resource utilization. It can complete acquisition and preprocessing tasks stably and efficiently, providing high-reliability data support for advanced applications such as power grid monitoring, scheduling, and fault diagnosis.