Implementation and Comparison Between MPPT Techniques: P&O and Incremental Conductance in PV Systems Using Boost Converter

Maximizing power extraction from solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays under different climatic conditions depends critically on MPPT charge controllers. Still, Maximum Power Point Tracking systems are seriously challenged by variables including changing irradiation, partial shade, and temperature fluctuations. Two often used MPPT techniques— Perturb & Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) are compared in this work in terms of tracking speed, efficiency, and power output. The behavior of both techniques under varying irradiation levels is evaluated in this work using MATLAB/Simulink simulations. P&O shows oscillations around the Maximum Power Point (MPP), which causes power losses even if it provides simplicity and ease of implementation. Especially under dynamic irradiation, the INC approach shows faster convergence to the MPP and better tracking precision. The results offer an understanding of the choice of MPPT techniques for improved PV system performance.