Duty Cycle – Switch Frequency Integrated Control for Bidirectional DC-DC converters used for Hybrid Energy Source EV

Electric Vehicles (EVs) rely on battery technologies for their power demands. However, the substantial power demands during acceleration can exceed the capabilities of a single battery, potentially leading to rapid discharging, overheating, and a decrease in battery life and overall reliability. Concern with this issue and ensure a consistent power supply, this article proposes the utilization of a 3-level switched capacitor interleaved bidirectional (SC-IB) dc-dc converter within hybrid energy source EVs. This converter serves as the interface for supercapacitors or secondary batteries, offering several advantages, including a wide voltage gain range, minimal output current fluctuations, reduced voltage stress across power switches and a shared ground between input/output. Moreover, it can be readily adapted and extended within broader converter topologies. In this article, an analysis on 3 level switched capacitor interleaved bi-directional dc-dc converter with both open and closed loop configurations, integrating duty cycle and switching frequency control techniques facilitated by a Proportional Integral (PI) controller. These control strategies are evaluated through MATLAB Simulink modeling to assess their effectiveness and feasibility in enhancing the performance of hybrid energy source EVs.