Convergence speed analysis of Precise Point Positioning based on multiple systems of CNES product

This paper investigates the impact of multi-GNSS integration on the convergence performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP), using observations from GPS, Galileo, and BDS constellations. Dual-frequency data from two IGS stations, BRUX and PTBB, on October 2, 2023, were processed using CNES CLK93 precise orbit and clock products. Two system configurations were evaluated: GPS and GPS+Galileo+BDS. Results show that the inclusion of Galileo and BDS significantly improves satellite geometry and observability, effectively accelerating convergence. Compared to GPS-only, the tripleconstellation configuration reduced convergence epochs in the East and North components by more than 50%, while maintaining similar performance in the Up direction. Additionally, PPPderived clock differences between BRUX and PTBB exhibited faster stabilization and reduced noise under the multi-GNSS solution, confirming its advantage in both positioning and timing applications.